A pap smear (or cervical smear test) is one of the most important health checks a woman can have. It detects abnormal cervical cells before they develop into cervical cancer — making it a life-saving procedure.
What it checks for: Abnormal cell changes in the cervix, including those caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), which is the most common cause of cervical cancer.
Who should have one? All women aged 25 and above who are or have been sexually active. If you have had abnormal results previously, your doctor may recommend more frequent testing.
How often? Every 3–5 years if results are normal. More frequently if results show abnormalities or if you are immunocompromised.
What happens during the procedure? You lie on an examination table with your knees bent. Your doctor gently inserts a speculum into the vagina to view the cervix. A small brush collects cells from the cervix. The sample is sent to a laboratory. The whole procedure takes less than 5 minutes.
Does it hurt? You may feel some pressure or mild discomfort — similar to period cramps. It should not be painful. If it is, tell your doctor immediately.
Before your test: Avoid scheduling during your period. Do not use vaginal creams, sprays, or have sex for 24 hours before. An empty bladder makes the procedure more comfortable.
After your test: Light spotting for a day or two is normal. Results typically take 2–4 weeks. Most results are normal. If abnormal cells are found, further tests will be arranged — this does not mean you have cancer.